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KMID : 0439019960050010092
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Korean Journal of Nursing Query
1996 Volume.5 No. 1 p.92 ~ p.123
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Meaning of Physical Touch in Caring
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장성옥/Chang, Sung Ok
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Abstract
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Physical touch is one of the primitive means of communication, and the meaning of physical touch is assumed to be learned through each individual life experience, thus the factors influencing on the development of meaning of physical touch are multiple in nature. Caring is an essential phenomena between human interaction; every individual is either care giver or care recipient all through one´s life. And caring is the core of nursing phenomena. Physical touch is an universal and essential part of nursing practice.
This study was designed and carried out to identify, describe and classify the meaning of physical touch in caring and to identify factors related to the meaning of physical touch.
In an attempt to measure the subjective meaning, the unstructured Q-methodology was used.
For the Q-population, 162 self-referent descriptions on meaning of physical touch in t caring were gathered from 158 Korean adults in caring situation; nurses, doctors, patients, nurses educators and university students, unspecified healthy adults.
Among the Q-population, a total of 43 Q-items were sampled and validated through item-reliability and sorting-reliability tests.
The P-sample was consisted of 41 Korean adults; 10 patients, 6 nurses, 3 doctors, 3 paramedical practitioners, 3 nurses educators, 13 adults.
Sortings of Q-items according to the level of personal agreement were carried out by the P-samples and a forced normal distribution of the 43 Q-items into 9 levels. The Z-scores of Q=sort data were computed and principal components factor analysis were carried out by the use of PC-QUANL Program. The demographic, socio-cultural,
health-related attributes and interview data about physical touch in caring were analysed to identify the property of types.
Five types of meaning of physical touch in caring were identified;
Type I consisted of 10 P-samples, named the type of exchange of Qi. For them, the meaning of physical touch in caring is mode of therapy reflecting perspectives of oriental medicine. Physical touch in caring means to function in facilitating the flow of Qi throughout the body.
Type II consisted of 5 P-samples, named the type of sharing spirituality. For them, the meaning of physical touch in caring is to convey religious plea to the one to be recovered from illness, to convey blessing of God and sharing love of God.
Type III consisted of 9 P-samples, named the type of psycho-somatic comfort. For them, the meaning of physical touch in caring is to achieve physical comfort through promoting of emotional equilibrium. So they believe that the physical touch in caring relieve the pain.
Type IV consist of 10 P-sample, named the type of empathic understanding. For them, the meaning of physical touch in caring is a means to share love, concern and understanding of difficulty.
Type V consist of 7 P-sample, named the type of role-function. For them, the meaning of touch in caring is function of process to establish relationship according to personal role.
By additional analysis, good intention, positive attitude toward caregiver and sharing goodness were identified to be shared by all P-sample in the study.
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